Cyclone

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Cyclone


Among the extreme weather events, Cyclones also termed as Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are by far the most devastating, both by causing loss of human lives as well as economic losses. The name 'cyclone' which means "coils of a snake" in Greek was given to the revolving storms in the North Indian Ocean by Henry Piddington who was the president of Marine court in Calcutta from 1839 to 1856 in the mid-19th century, and the was the first to coin this word. These are called Tropical Cyclones because they form over the warm waters of tropical oceans. Intense low-pressure areas forming over higher latitudes either over the land or over the ocean are known as Extra-Tropical Cyclone. However, but for the similarity of name, there are large differences between the two types of weather systems. As those occurring in the Indian Ocean called Cyclone, those occurring in the Philippines and China Sea are Called Typhoons, and those occurring in the Caribbean areas are called Hurricanes. 
The Orissa Super cyclone of October, 1990, killing more than 10,000 people with the estimated direct financial loss of about ten thousand crores of rupees is one example of terrible disaster potential of tropical cyclones. Bangladesh Cyclone of November 1970 and April-May, 1991 killing 300,000  and 138,000 human lives respectively are examples of worst natural disasters. The calamity that Hurricane Katrina caused in the New Orleans area of the USA in Agust, 2005 is of recent memory. Hazards associated with tropical cyclone result from very strong withs causing damages of various types, very heavy rains causing widespread floods and the worst of all the storm tide (the combined effect of storm surge and astronomical tide) leading to coastal inundations. Storm surge is the sudden rise of sea level caused by the cyclone. Among these destructive factors, the storm surge is the greatest killer and is known to be responsible for about 90 percent of the loss of lives associated with cyclone disasters. 

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